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お茶の水女子大学1
  Why would an animal want to cooperate with a human? The behaviorist would say that animals cooperate when, through reinforcement, they learn it is in their interest to cooperate. This is true as far as it goes, but I don't think it goes far enough, if we remember that some rewards are more importa...
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愛知県立大学(文)1
  Humor and laughter are also tremendously important in relationships. Sharing a good laugh with someone does wonders. A friend of mine once told me that (1)when she and her husband were having a disagreement, he made a face which struck her as so comical that she burst into laughing. They then both...
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京都大学2
  The minister presents a Washington who is, like America, youthful and innocent, yet armed with a weapon that can clear and subdue the untamed wilderness of the continent as once pioneers did in the dawn of the frontier age. Rugged, energetic, and full of promise, like America itself, Weems's Georg...
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京都府立大学1
   At that time I was too young for some of the troubles I was having, and I had not yet learned what to do with them. It no longer can matter what kind of troubles they were, or what finally became of them. It seemed to me then there was nothing to do but run away from them, though all my tradition...
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三重大学1
   The way in which the national government is organized in the United States Constitution provides an excellent illustration of the American suspicion of government power. The provisions of the Constitution are more concerned with keeping the government from doing evil than with enabling it to do g...
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千葉大学2
  While Kelly was making her Whitney climb, a debate over transplants raged in Japan. For years, the Japanese medical community had urged the recognition of brain death, the condition that makes heart, lung and liver transplants possible.   But opposition was intense. Critics claimed doctors shouldn...
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大阪女子大学1
   Consequently, although there are differences between real time and the individual time of personal experience, we have to relate our personal sense of time to the time of the clock and the calendar. (1) Similarly, in our study of the natural world, never has more importance been attached to the a...
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大阪大学1
  Any adult who interacts with a child, any traveler who visits other culture groups, any historian who studies beliefs and attitudes of the past immediately becomes aware that others might not interpret the world as she or he does. Even peers from the same culture are confronted with these issues, ...
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大阪大学2
  An individual person is unique and valuable. This value we place on the individual finds expression in a cluster of ideas and attitudes. People should be treated as ends in themselves, and never merely as means. One person's loss is not necessarily justified by someone else's gain. People have rig...
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都留文科大学1
   The oceans are the main source of humidity, but plants also pour moisture into the air. In one day, a five-acre forest can release 20,000 gallons of water, enough to fill an average swimming pool. A dryer extracts moisture from wet clothes, adding to humidity. (1) Even breathing contributes to th...
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東京学芸大学1
  (1) We are faced with technology that appears to be inevitable, as powerful as nuclear energy, still in its infancy, and changing the way we think. The good news is that we seem to be accepting a moral imperative to anticipate the consequences because we are cognizant of the potential power of the...
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