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学習院大学（文）１
　　The same tendency to move in different directions is probably also occurring in the case of grammer. It seems that one or two further differences are beginning to emerge, which suggests that American and British English are slowly moving apart grammatically. 　　On the other hand, American and Briti...
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学習院大学（文）２
　　　In the control of crime, fear of being punished ― even severely ― is not enough if every criminal believes that he, personally, will not get caught. To the fear of punishment must be added the fear of getting caught. That is why an informer system, where someone reports the crime, tends to be eff...
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学習院大学（法）1
　　Nature is strong and healthy in the sense that it can recover quickly from fire, disease and other calamities. But what fills the space is often different from what went before. In that sense, the continuity of nature is a romantic illusion and its gentle harmony a myth. A closer look at that idyl...
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近畿大学（理工）１
　　　There have been other milestones. Tho police officers of my youth always seemed big, even huge, and of course they were older than I was. Then one day (1) they were suddenly neither. In fact, some were kids ― short kids at that. The day came when I suddenly realized that all the football players ...
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上智大学（外国語）
　　The preferred method in India was to send the suspects into a dark room and have them pull on the tail of a sacred donkey, which was supposed to bray if the person was dishonest. At least that's what the suspects thought. The way the system really worked was that the investigators dusted the donke...
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成蹊大学（法）１
　　Bertrand Russell, who did not believe in God, was once asked what he would do if, following his death, he were to encounter God after all. Russell is supposed to have answered, "I'll ask him: God Almighty, why did you give so little evidence of your existence?" Certainly the awful world in which w...
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清泉女子大学（日文・英文）１
　　It is worth noting that the modern history of Japanese children's literature began in the late nineteenth century when Western children's literature was often translated into Japanese. "Learn about the West" was one of the policies of the Japanese government, and learning from written texts was th...
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聖心女子大学１
　　When strangers meet they often have to decide where to sit or stand in relation to each other. This is not something that they need to discuss, nor is it something they need to consider consciously ― they don't, for example, have to ask themselves whether they should try to be friendly and stand c...
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青山学院大学（文）１
　　Language is a resource with which human beings structure and organise their experience. So constantly is language in use in the complex behavioural patterns in which people engage in the course of conducting their daily affairs that its true significance is frequently ignored. 単語・熟語 daily affairs　...
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青山学院大学（文）３
　　　Looking back, the decision to buy a bike seems like a silly thing to feel self-conscious about, and yet it's symbolic of the kind of fear and self-doubt that can keep us from enjoying the simple pleasures of life. Too often we hold ourselves back from the things we'd really like to try, out of a ...
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専修大学（法）１
　　We know that the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain have different cognitive capacities. These can lead to asymmetries in behaviour and in the way in which we interpret the world. Many studies suggest that the right hemisphere of the brain is more involved in the perception of emotion and in it...
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早稲田大学（商）１
　　There are plenty of people who worry about language change. England seems to be full of people who write to the newspapers and the BBC complaining about the way in which the language is becoming corrupt, without appearing to realize that the way they speak themselves is the result of thousands of ...
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中央大学（商）１
　　Some people are more skilled at lying than others. Politicians are thought by many people to be especially skilful liars and Dr. Wiseman confirms that this is true. He says that they belong to a group of people called "high self-monitors", which means that they are always conscious of the impressi...
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津田塾大学１
　　For a variety of social and historical reasons, sport occupies a different place in American culture than it does in Europe. In the United States sport is the essence of that competitive spirit that is the basis of a free-market culture and it portrays vividly the people's attitude to success that...
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東京理科大学（理）２
Trust in other people is the essential basis of social living: to survive we must believe that people do not change much, (1) if at all, from day to day and from encounter to encounter, and also that the vast majority do not set out (2) deliberately to deceive or harm us. Indeed, we must believe the...
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同志社大学（政策）１
　　　In rich countries, this is the leisure age. (1) Working hours are shorter and holidays longer, and never have so many people had so much time with which to have a good time. The average middle-class houshold is filled with (2) multiple means of using this time ― televisions, magazines, newspapers...
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日本女子大学（家政）２
　　　But how complete is our picture of the lives of ancient people? Imagine archaeologists a thousand years in the future uncovering the following articles from the present time: a wristwatch, a videocassette, a plastic cup from a fast-food restaurant, a skateboard, and a toothbrush. (1) What conclus...
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日本女子大学（文）１
　　We see famous people on magazine covers and on TV. They are often young and good-looking. But apart from that, why should they be famous? They have nothing special to say. These people have become "famous for being famous." Fame is not based on achievement any more. It is created by the media, and...
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